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Amateur radio
 

Two-way radio communications by individuals as a leisure-time activity. Amateur, or ham, radio is defined by international treaty as a “service of self-training, intercommunications, and technical investigation carried on by amateurs; that is, by duly authorized persons interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest.” See also Radio.

The government allows amateur operators many privileges because the hobby is partially based on service to the general public, and hams can be relied on to assist during emergencies. Groups of amateur operators meet annually to practice handling emergency communications in the field and to compete against other groups nationwide in performing certain emergency-related tasks. Amateur operators may set up warning and relief networks during the hurricane and tornado seasons, and handle communication when phone lines are damaged by disasters.

In addition to public service activities, amateurs enjoy many recreational activities, including DXing (where the objective is to contact amateurs in as many foreign countries as possible), contesting (where the amateurs compete for the maximum number of contacts in a given time span), and foxhunting (where the objective is to use radio skills to locate a hidden transmitter).

Since high-frequency (HF) signals (below 30 MHz) are reflected from the Kennelly-Heaviside ionosphere layers, amateurs are commonly able to carry out international communication. Very high frequencies (VHF; 30–300 MHz) and ultrahigh frequencies (UHF; 300–3000 MHz) have been subject to exploration by amateurs at the leading edge of communications technology. Amateurs bounce signals off the Moon or ionized meteor trails, and communicate through amateur operator-built earth satellites called OSCAR (orbiting satellites carrying amateur radio).
Source:Sci-Tech Encyclopedia:

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